Date:18-19 October 2008
Organised by: Department of Biochemistry University of Madras & Society for Biotechnologists, India
For registration- Click here
8/14/08
National Conference in Biotechnology, TamilNadu
Title : National Conference on New Frontiers and Current trends in Biotechnology & Platinum Jubilee celebrations is conducted by Department of Biochemistry
Date:18-19 October 2008
For registration- Click here
Date:18-19 October 2008
For registration- Click here
8/5/08
LIFE SCIENCE FOUNDATION INDIA SCHOLARSHIPS
LSFI Scholarships are instituted by Life Science Foundation India to support and encourage meritorious but needy students as part of its Education Promotional Programmes. Every year applications will be invited from students of Indian Nationality for pursuing studies in frontier areas of any discipline or subject in any of the Indian Universities, Colleges, or Institutes. The scholarships are tenable for one year and extendable up to two years.
ELIGIBILITY
Students studying, or applied & awaiting admission in any of the university or college in India are eligible to apply. Academic record should be good and consistent and must have passed their previous examination with 50% (45% for female and reserved). The applicants should be above the age of 16 years, and below 33 years (relaxed up to three years for female & reserved categories).
Students studying, or applied & awaiting admission in any of the university or college in India are eligible to apply. Academic record should be good and consistent and must have passed their previous examination with 50% (45% for female and reserved). The applicants should be above the age of 16 years, and below 33 years (relaxed up to three years for female & reserved categories).
DETAILS OF THE AWARD
The scholarship will be initially for a period of one year, may be extendable for 2 years based on performance of students. The upper limit of the scholarship will be Rs. 2500/- pm and it may vary depending on the recommendation of selection committee and fund availability. The candidates will be chosen for this award by the panel of Peer Reviewers and Selection Committee. Merit & academic records, present & future plan, societal commitment, research / project plan, family income, character & conduct, co-curricular record etc. will be duly considered while selection of the most deserving student. Short-listed applicants will be interviewed telephonically or by questionnaires or personally to make final selection. The candidates called for personal interview will be paid one-way travel allowances by shortest route. Recommendation made by the panel will be final.
MODE OF APPLICATION
Interested candidates shall apply in the prescribed application form. Application forms and other information can be obtained from the LSFI office either personally or by post on written request accompanied by a self-addressed stamped (Rs.10/-) envelope (27cm x 12cm). The same information and forms may be downloaded from our website. Duly completed and signed applications may be submitted on or before 31st August.
FURTHER QUERIES
May be sent by land Post to “Executive Director, Scholarship (Free) Section” or may send an email to lsfindia@yahoo.co.in by mentioning “Scholarships free” in the subject space.
IMPORTANT DATES
Obtaining & Submission of application forms : 1st June -31st August
For Further information Click Here
Top 20 life sciences Institutes in India - 2008
BioSpectrum India edition has recently concluded its fourth survey of life sciences institutes in the country. This study conducted in November-December 2007 centers on Bachelor of Technology (BTech), Masters and PhD courses. To maintain objectivity and avoid biases in ranking the institutes, BioSpectrum based its methodology on measurable and quantifiable data. BioSpectrum sent questionnaires to over 200 public and private institutes and received an overwhelming reply.
8/4/08
ICMR-Junior Research Fellowships
ICMR JRF Examination is the first step in the process of admission to the Ph.D/ Research Programme through council's support. Test for ICMR JRF fellowship are conducted at the five centres viz. Chandigarh, Chennai, Delhi, Kolkata and Mumbai once a year. The award of JRF is made on merit basis by holding an entrance examination after issuing a countrywide admission notice. The admission notice is published in leading English Newspapers of India usually during March/April and also on the website. The entrance examination is usually held in the first/second week of July.
ICMR holds a national level examination for determining the eligibility of Indian National candidates for the award of Junior Research Fellowships (JRF) through Indian Council of Medical Research. The award of Junior Research Fellowship to the successful eligible candidates will depend on their finding placement in a medical college / hospital / university / national laboratory / institution of higher learning and research as applicable.
A total of 150 Fellowships would be awarded. 120 Fellowships would be awarded for work in the field of biomedical sciences with emphasis on Life Sciences (like microbiology, physiology, molecular biology, genetics, human biology, bioinformatics, biotechnology, biochemistry, biophysics, immunology, zoology, Environment Science, botany, veterinary sciences, bio-informatics etc.). Thirty Fellowships would be awarded for work with emphasis on Social sciences like psychology, sociology, home science, statistics, anthropology and social work.
A total of 150 Fellowships would be awarded. 120 Fellowships would be awarded for work in the field of biomedical sciences with emphasis on Life Sciences (like microbiology, physiology, molecular biology, genetics, human biology, bioinformatics, biotechnology, biochemistry, biophysics, immunology, zoology, Environment Science, botany, veterinary sciences, bio-informatics etc.). Thirty Fellowships would be awarded for work with emphasis on Social sciences like psychology, sociology, home science, statistics, anthropology and social work.
(I-i) Two separate merit lists, one comprising the candidates qualifying for life sciences and the second for those candidates qualifying for social sciences, will be made on the basis of their performance in the above test.
(I-ii) The candidates selected for the JRF programme of ICMR would be permitted to enroll themselves for the Ph.D. programme of any University recognised by the UGC/MCI. However, the JRF programme would not have any connection with the Ph.D. programme. The validity of fellowship awarded to a candidate will be six months.
Another 100 candidates would be selected for consideration for positions of JRF under various research schemes of ICMR (subject to fulfilling the conditions for appointment under the schemes) for the duration of that scheme. These JRFs would also be permitted to complete Ph.D. while working in the scheme, if enrolled. The validity of result will be two years for placement in ICMR funded projects.
SC/ST/OBC/Physically Handicapped (PH) applicants will be given such special consideration as per policy guidelines.Candidates qualifying for the award of JRF will receive fellowship from ICMR.
Duration and Emoluments:
The existing value of the fellowship is at present Rs. 8000/- (Rupees Eight thousand only) Per month. It will be revised from time to time as decided by the ICMR.
The duration of fellowship will initially be limited till three years carrying a monthly stipend of Rs. 8000/- and an annual contingency grant up to Rs. 7,500/- per annum. The progress of research work would be evaluated annually through annual progress reports. On completion of two years as JRF the stipend of a fellow may be increased to Rs. 9,000/- p.m. for 3rd year on the basis of assessment of candidate's research progress / achievements. Upon such a recommendation, the fellow will be called SRF. In the event of the Committee not recommending upgradation, the fellow will continue as JRF with a stipend of Rs. 8000/- per month for the 3rd year or his/her fellowship may be terminated depending on the decision of the Committee. The duration as SRF may be for a maximum duration of 3 years. Thus, the total tenure as JRF plus SRF shall not exceed 5 (five) years.
The successful candidates would be notified by post and notice published in Employment Newspaper. The list also would be available on the ICMR website. Joining time: Selected candidates must join their respective course on the prescribed date as indicated in their admission letter. The selection of those who fail to join by the specified date shall automatically stand cancelled.
For Further Details CLICK HERE
7/24/08
Precautionary Steps to be Followed When Using Cell Phones
The CEO (Center for Environmental Oncology) suggested this 10-point list of precautions:
1.Children should only use cell phones for emergencies. Organs that are still growing are likely to be the most sensitive to electromagnetic fields.
2.When using your cell phone, keep it away from the body as much as you can. Compared to holding it next to your head, the amplitude of the electromagnetic field drops to 25 per cent at two inches (5 cm) distance and to 2 per cent at three feet (about 1 metre).
3.Use speakerphone, or a wireless Bluetooth headset, as much as possible. These have less than 1 per cent of the emission of a normal cell phone. A hands-free ear piece may also reduce exposure.
4.Using your cell phone in public, crowded places, like a bus, means others are passively exposed to your phone's electromagnetic fields, so avoid using it in these places.
5.Keep your phone away from your body as much as possible - don't carry it on your body. Don't keep it near your body at night (eg under a pillow or on a bedside table), especially if you are pregnant. Put it in "flight" mode, which stops electromagnetic emissions (you can still other functions such as the alarm in this mode).
6.If you have to carry it on your body, keep the keypad toward you and the back of the phone pointing away from you so more of the transmitted electromagnetic field moves away from you rather than toward you.
7.For long conversations use a landline with a corded phone, not a cell phone or a cordless phone, since both use similar electromagnetic emitting technology.
8.Alternate right and left ear when using your cell phone, to spread the exposure. Wait until the person you are calling answers before placing the phone next to your ear. In other words, do everything you can to cut your exposure time with the phone close to your body.
9.Avoid using your phone when travelling at speed, such as on a train, or when the signal is weak. The phone will be trying to connect to a new relay antenna, and uses higher power to do this.
10.Text rather than call, as much as you can. This limits exposure in two ways: less time on the phone and the phone is further away from your body.
**Choose a phone with the lowest possible Specific Absorption Rate (SAR, a measure of the strength of the magnetic field absorbed by the body).
7/23/08
DBT sponsored courses in Universities/Institutions
UNIVERSITIES/INSTITUTIONS- M.Sc. COURSES
1 All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (Medical Biotechnology)
2 Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh (General Biotechnology)
3 Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi (General Biotechnology)
4 Banasthali Vidyapeeth, Banasthali, Rajasthan (General Biotechnology)
5 Devi Ahilya Viswavidyalaya, Indore (General Biotechnology)
6 Gujarat University, Ahmedabad (General Biotechnology)
7 Gulbarga University, Gulbarga. Karnataka (General Biotechnology)
8 Guru Jambheshwar University, Hisar (General Biotechnology)
9 Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar (General Biotechnology)
10 Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla (General Biotechnology)
11 Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay (General Biotechnology)
12 Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee (General Biotechnology)
13 Jammu University, Jammu (General Biotechnology)
14 Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi (General Biotechnology)
15 Kumaun University, Nainital (General Biotechnology)
16 Lucknow University, Lucknow (General Biotechnology)
17 Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai (General Biotechnology)
18 MS University, Baroda (General Biotechnology)
19 Mysore University, Mysore (General Biotechnology)
20 Nagpur University, Nagpur (General Biotechnology)
21 Pondicherry University, Pondicherry (General Biotechnology)
22 Tezpur University, Tezpur Assam (General Biotechnology)
23 University of Allahabad, Allahabad (General Biotechnology)
24 University of Calicut, Kerala (General Biotechnology)
25 University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad (General Biotechnology)
26 University of Kashmir, Srinagar (General Biotechnology)
27 University of North Bengal, Siliguri (General Biotechnology)
28 University of Poona, Pune (General Biotechnology)
29 Utkal University, Bhubneshwar (General Biotechnology)
30 Visva Bharathi Shantiniketan, WB (General Biotechnology)
31 Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat (Agricultural Biotechnology)
32 GB Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar (Agricultural Biotechnology)
33 Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidhalaya, Palampur (H.P.) (Agricultural Biotechnology)
34 Indira Gandhi Agricultural Univ. Raipur (Agricultural Biotechnology)
35 Marathwada Agricultural University, Parbhani (Agricultural Biotechnology)
36 Orissa University of Agriculture & Technology, Bhubneshwar (Agricultural Biotechnology)
37 Tamil Nadu Agricultural University,Coimbatore (Agricultural Biotechnology)
38 Goa University, Goa (Marine Biotechnology)
39 Annamalai University, Parangipettai (Marine Biotechnology)
40 Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai (Neurosciences)
41 Jiwaji University, Gwalior (Neurosciences)
42 National Brain Research Centre, Gurgaon (Neurosciences)
43 Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar (Industrial Biotechnology)
44 National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research,Mohali (Pharmaceutical Biotechnology)
1 All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (Medical Biotechnology)
2 Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh (General Biotechnology)
3 Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi (General Biotechnology)
4 Banasthali Vidyapeeth, Banasthali, Rajasthan (General Biotechnology)
5 Devi Ahilya Viswavidyalaya, Indore (General Biotechnology)
6 Gujarat University, Ahmedabad (General Biotechnology)
7 Gulbarga University, Gulbarga. Karnataka (General Biotechnology)
8 Guru Jambheshwar University, Hisar (General Biotechnology)
9 Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar (General Biotechnology)
10 Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla (General Biotechnology)
11 Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay (General Biotechnology)
12 Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee (General Biotechnology)
13 Jammu University, Jammu (General Biotechnology)
14 Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi (General Biotechnology)
15 Kumaun University, Nainital (General Biotechnology)
16 Lucknow University, Lucknow (General Biotechnology)
17 Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai (General Biotechnology)
18 MS University, Baroda (General Biotechnology)
19 Mysore University, Mysore (General Biotechnology)
20 Nagpur University, Nagpur (General Biotechnology)
21 Pondicherry University, Pondicherry (General Biotechnology)
22 Tezpur University, Tezpur Assam (General Biotechnology)
23 University of Allahabad, Allahabad (General Biotechnology)
24 University of Calicut, Kerala (General Biotechnology)
25 University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad (General Biotechnology)
26 University of Kashmir, Srinagar (General Biotechnology)
27 University of North Bengal, Siliguri (General Biotechnology)
28 University of Poona, Pune (General Biotechnology)
29 Utkal University, Bhubneshwar (General Biotechnology)
30 Visva Bharathi Shantiniketan, WB (General Biotechnology)
31 Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat (Agricultural Biotechnology)
32 GB Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar (Agricultural Biotechnology)
33 Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidhalaya, Palampur (H.P.) (Agricultural Biotechnology)
34 Indira Gandhi Agricultural Univ. Raipur (Agricultural Biotechnology)
35 Marathwada Agricultural University, Parbhani (Agricultural Biotechnology)
36 Orissa University of Agriculture & Technology, Bhubneshwar (Agricultural Biotechnology)
37 Tamil Nadu Agricultural University,Coimbatore (Agricultural Biotechnology)
38 Goa University, Goa (Marine Biotechnology)
39 Annamalai University, Parangipettai (Marine Biotechnology)
40 Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai (Neurosciences)
41 Jiwaji University, Gwalior (Neurosciences)
42 National Brain Research Centre, Gurgaon (Neurosciences)
43 Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar (Industrial Biotechnology)
44 National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research,Mohali (Pharmaceutical Biotechnology)
7/22/08
Research Opportunities at CSIR Labs
Central Drug Research Institute, (CDRI, Lucknow)
Drug discovery to development, synthetic/natural product chemistry, combinatorial chemical synthesis, molecular modelling, HTS, structural biology, broad-based biological screening, Pharmacology, Pharmaco-kinetics, toxicology phase I clinical studies, chemical & fermentation technology, quality control and standardization, proteomics, medicinal chemistry, molecular and cell biology, phytochemicals/ Herbal Drugs/ nutraceuticals research.
Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (IICB, Kolkata)
Synthetic/ natural products/ medicinal chemistry, Infectious Diseases, cellular physiology, Drug Designing, molecular modelling, molecular biology, Biotechnology, cell signals for oncogene expression and metabolic diseases, immunology, Human Genetics, genomics, proteomics, bioinformatics, Pharmacology, phytochemicals/ nutraceuticals.
Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT, Hyderabad)
Synthetic and natural product chemistry, chemical/ process engineering, combinatorial/ medical Chemistry, asymmetric synthesis for chiral Drugs, custom synthesis, computer-aided modelling and drug design, glyco-therapeutics, peptides and peptido-mimetics, enzyme mimics (drug delivery systems), Pharmacology, pre-clinical toxicity pharmacokinetics, toxicology, phytochemicals/ Herbal Drugs/ nutraceuticals research, quality control and formulation.
Indian institute of Microbial Technology (IMT, Chandigarh)
Molecular and cell biology, microbial genetics, immunology, structural biology, protein engineering, fermentation technology, culture type depository, microbial gene bank, bioinformatics, proteomics, molecular and cell biology.
Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology(IGIB, Delhi)
Genomics and molecular medicine, Predictive Medicine, genome informatics (in-silico biology), bio-informatics, pathway modelling, proteomics structural biology, comparative genomics and gene expression, Immunology and Molecular Genetics of Respiratory Disorders including Allergy, nucleic acids and peptides, Bioactive molecules of medicinal importance
Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine(IIIM, Jammu)
Agrotechnology, synthetic (chiral) and natural product chemistry, herbal drugs, select biological screening, bioprospecting, microbial biodiversity for industrially useful enzymes, genetic fingerprinting, identification/ authentification of medicinal plants, fermentation technology, quality control and standardization of herbal drugs, establishment of medicinal plants gene bank, bioinformatics, pharmacology, phytochemicals/ herbal drugs/ nutraceuticals research.
Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP, Lucknow)
Agrotechnology of economically important herbs, process technology for phytochemicals, herbal drugs, nutraceuticals, genetic fingerprinting of plants/ herbs, plant bioinformatics, genetic improvement, bioprospecting, molecular and cell biology, quality control and formulation.
Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology,(CCMB, Hyderabad)
Advanced molecular and cell biology, Biotechnology, Sperm-associated Proteins/Fertility Potential of Sperm, DNA-Fingerprinting, signal transduction, Eye Diseases, Hepatitis Vaccine, Microbial Genetics, transgenics, Antimicrobial Proteins, genomics, proteomics molecular and cell biology.
National Chemical Laboratory (NCL, Pune)
Synthetic chemistry, tissue culture, biotechnology, industrial microbiology, nanoparticle technology, smart polymer gels, chemical/ process engineering, bioprocess/ enzyme/ fermentation technology, combinatorial chemistry, medicinal chemistry, quality control and formulation.
Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT, Palampur)
Identification, collection, isolation and characterization of plants and microbes chemical and molecular characterization of bioactive, genomics, tissue culture, agrotechnology of medicinal plants, phytochemicals/ herbal drugs/ nutraceuticals research, and chemical/ process engineering.
Industrial Toxicology Research Centre (ITRC, Lucknow)
In vitro test systems for bio-evaluation/ identification of molecules or neurological disorders and antioxidant activity, complete toxicity evaluation in small animals; identification and action mode of hazardous toxicants/ pollutants, diagnostics for toxicants/ pollutants; safety evaluation/ preventive measures for environmental/ industrial hazards, and quality assessment of drinking water.
National Botanical Research Institute (NBRI, Lucknow)
Pharmacognosy, ethnopharmacology, herbal drugs (authentification, standardization, characterization), nutraceuticals agrotechnology of medicinal plants, plant improvement of economically important plants, proteomics, transgenics, molecular and cell biology, quality control and formulation
Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute(CSMCRI, Bhavnagar)
Bioactive from plants, cultivation of desert economic plants and their value addition, sea weed cultivation, phycocolloids and marine microbes, biotechnology, synthetic chemistry and drug intermediates desalination water treatment technology for pure water for drinking, low sodium and plant/ herbal salt.
North-East Institute of Science & Technology (NEIST, Jorhat)
Bioactives from plants, drugs intermediates, isolation and characterization of active molecules and analytical services.
National Institute of Oceanography (NIO, Goa)
Collection and identification of marine flora and fauna, biological Screening (antimicrobial, anticancer, oxytocic, anti-inflammatory, anti-fouling cytotoxic, antimalarial, antiosteoporotic antiviral, immunomodulatory) and marine natural product chemistry for the identification and structure elucidation of active molecules.
National Institute of Interdisciplinary Science & Technology (NIIST, Trivandrum)
Synthesis of drugs/ drug intermediates, natural products isolation, biological screening, chemical finger printing, herbal drugs, nutraceuticals, bioprocess/ enzyme technology and phytochemicals
Central Food Technological Research Institute(CFTRI, Mysore)
Nutraceuticals, health-promoting effects of spices herbs/ food (antioxidants, digestion-stimulants, anti-inflammatory), traditional remedies, food-safety/ nutritional toxicology, nodal codex food laboratory, animal and plant cell culture, PCR probes and biosensors, phytochemicals/ nutraceuticals research, quality control & formulation, toxicology and bioprocess/ enzyme/ fermentation technology
Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI, Chennai)
Controlled drug delivery systems, collagen-based biomaterials, skin biology
Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute (CGCRI, Kolkata)
Ceramic membrane technology based water purification technologies, ceramic based bio-medical implant
National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI, Nagpur)
Water purification, diagnostic kits, etc.
Drug discovery to development, synthetic/natural product chemistry, combinatorial chemical synthesis, molecular modelling, HTS, structural biology, broad-based biological screening, Pharmacology, Pharmaco-kinetics, toxicology phase I clinical studies, chemical & fermentation technology, quality control and standardization, proteomics, medicinal chemistry, molecular and cell biology, phytochemicals/ Herbal Drugs/ nutraceuticals research.
Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (IICB, Kolkata)
Synthetic/ natural products/ medicinal chemistry, Infectious Diseases, cellular physiology, Drug Designing, molecular modelling, molecular biology, Biotechnology, cell signals for oncogene expression and metabolic diseases, immunology, Human Genetics, genomics, proteomics, bioinformatics, Pharmacology, phytochemicals/ nutraceuticals.
Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT, Hyderabad)
Synthetic and natural product chemistry, chemical/ process engineering, combinatorial/ medical Chemistry, asymmetric synthesis for chiral Drugs, custom synthesis, computer-aided modelling and drug design, glyco-therapeutics, peptides and peptido-mimetics, enzyme mimics (drug delivery systems), Pharmacology, pre-clinical toxicity pharmacokinetics, toxicology, phytochemicals/ Herbal Drugs/ nutraceuticals research, quality control and formulation.
Indian institute of Microbial Technology (IMT, Chandigarh)
Molecular and cell biology, microbial genetics, immunology, structural biology, protein engineering, fermentation technology, culture type depository, microbial gene bank, bioinformatics, proteomics, molecular and cell biology.
Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology(IGIB, Delhi)
Genomics and molecular medicine, Predictive Medicine, genome informatics (in-silico biology), bio-informatics, pathway modelling, proteomics structural biology, comparative genomics and gene expression, Immunology and Molecular Genetics of Respiratory Disorders including Allergy, nucleic acids and peptides, Bioactive molecules of medicinal importance
Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine(IIIM, Jammu)
Agrotechnology, synthetic (chiral) and natural product chemistry, herbal drugs, select biological screening, bioprospecting, microbial biodiversity for industrially useful enzymes, genetic fingerprinting, identification/ authentification of medicinal plants, fermentation technology, quality control and standardization of herbal drugs, establishment of medicinal plants gene bank, bioinformatics, pharmacology, phytochemicals/ herbal drugs/ nutraceuticals research.
Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP, Lucknow)
Agrotechnology of economically important herbs, process technology for phytochemicals, herbal drugs, nutraceuticals, genetic fingerprinting of plants/ herbs, plant bioinformatics, genetic improvement, bioprospecting, molecular and cell biology, quality control and formulation.
Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology,(CCMB, Hyderabad)
Advanced molecular and cell biology, Biotechnology, Sperm-associated Proteins/Fertility Potential of Sperm, DNA-Fingerprinting, signal transduction, Eye Diseases, Hepatitis Vaccine, Microbial Genetics, transgenics, Antimicrobial Proteins, genomics, proteomics molecular and cell biology.
National Chemical Laboratory (NCL, Pune)
Synthetic chemistry, tissue culture, biotechnology, industrial microbiology, nanoparticle technology, smart polymer gels, chemical/ process engineering, bioprocess/ enzyme/ fermentation technology, combinatorial chemistry, medicinal chemistry, quality control and formulation.
Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT, Palampur)
Identification, collection, isolation and characterization of plants and microbes chemical and molecular characterization of bioactive, genomics, tissue culture, agrotechnology of medicinal plants, phytochemicals/ herbal drugs/ nutraceuticals research, and chemical/ process engineering.
Industrial Toxicology Research Centre (ITRC, Lucknow)
In vitro test systems for bio-evaluation/ identification of molecules or neurological disorders and antioxidant activity, complete toxicity evaluation in small animals; identification and action mode of hazardous toxicants/ pollutants, diagnostics for toxicants/ pollutants; safety evaluation/ preventive measures for environmental/ industrial hazards, and quality assessment of drinking water.
National Botanical Research Institute (NBRI, Lucknow)
Pharmacognosy, ethnopharmacology, herbal drugs (authentification, standardization, characterization), nutraceuticals agrotechnology of medicinal plants, plant improvement of economically important plants, proteomics, transgenics, molecular and cell biology, quality control and formulation
Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute(CSMCRI, Bhavnagar)
Bioactive from plants, cultivation of desert economic plants and their value addition, sea weed cultivation, phycocolloids and marine microbes, biotechnology, synthetic chemistry and drug intermediates desalination water treatment technology for pure water for drinking, low sodium and plant/ herbal salt.
North-East Institute of Science & Technology (NEIST, Jorhat)
Bioactives from plants, drugs intermediates, isolation and characterization of active molecules and analytical services.
National Institute of Oceanography (NIO, Goa)
Collection and identification of marine flora and fauna, biological Screening (antimicrobial, anticancer, oxytocic, anti-inflammatory, anti-fouling cytotoxic, antimalarial, antiosteoporotic antiviral, immunomodulatory) and marine natural product chemistry for the identification and structure elucidation of active molecules.
National Institute of Interdisciplinary Science & Technology (NIIST, Trivandrum)
Synthesis of drugs/ drug intermediates, natural products isolation, biological screening, chemical finger printing, herbal drugs, nutraceuticals, bioprocess/ enzyme technology and phytochemicals
Central Food Technological Research Institute(CFTRI, Mysore)
Nutraceuticals, health-promoting effects of spices herbs/ food (antioxidants, digestion-stimulants, anti-inflammatory), traditional remedies, food-safety/ nutritional toxicology, nodal codex food laboratory, animal and plant cell culture, PCR probes and biosensors, phytochemicals/ nutraceuticals research, quality control & formulation, toxicology and bioprocess/ enzyme/ fermentation technology
Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI, Chennai)
Controlled drug delivery systems, collagen-based biomaterials, skin biology
Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute (CGCRI, Kolkata)
Ceramic membrane technology based water purification technologies, ceramic based bio-medical implant
National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI, Nagpur)
Water purification, diagnostic kits, etc.
CSIR- JRF Life Sciences
PAPER I -SECTION A
There is no prescribed syllabus for Paper 1 Section A but the question includes from Computer, Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Mathematics and Geography. Paper 1 Section A contains 30 questions, 5 from each Subject. We are trying to provide syllabus of these subjects that is based on the last 5 year question papers and from the view of some experts.
PAPER I -SECTION B
1. Cell Biology: Structure and function of cells and intracellular organelles (of both prokaryotes and eukaryotes) mechanism of cell division including (mitosis and meiosis) and cell differentiation: Cell-cell interaction: Malignant growth; Immune response: Dosage compensation and mechanism of sex determination.
2. Biochemistry: Structure of atoms, molecules and chemical bonds; Principles of physical chemistry: Thermodynamics, Kinetics, dissociation and association constants; Nucleic acid structure, genetic code, replication, transcription and translation: Structure, function and metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins; Enzymes and coenzyme; Respiration and photosynthesis.
3. Physiology: Response to stress: Active transport across membranes; Plant and animal hormones: Nutrition (including vitamins); Reproduction in plants, microbes and animals.
4. Genetics: Principles of Mendelian inheritance, chromosome structure and function: Gene Structure and regulation of gene expression: Linkage and genetic mapping; Extrachromosomal inheritance (episomes. mitochondria and chloraplasts); Mutation: DNA damage and repair, chromosome aberration: Transposons; Sex-linked inheritance and genetic disorders; Somatic cell genetics: Genome organisation (in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes).
5. Evolutionary Biology: Origin of life (including aspects of prebiotic environment and molecular evolution); Concepts of evolution: Theories of organic evolution: Mechanisms of speciation; Hardyweinberg genetic equilibrium, genetic polymorphism and selection; Origin and evolution of economically important microbes, plants and animals.
6. Environmental Biology: Concept and dynamics or ecosystem, components, food chain and energy flow, productivity and biogeochemical cycles; Types of ecosystems, Population ecology and biological control: Community structure and organisation: Environmental pollution: Sustainable development; Economic importance of microbes, plants and animals.
7. Biodiversity and Taxonomy: Species concept; Biological nomenclature theories of biological classification, Structural biochemical and molecular systematics: DNA finger printing, numerical taxonomy, Biodiversity, characterization, generation maintenance and loss: Magnitude and distribution of biodiversity, economic value, wildlife biology, conservation strategies, cryopreservation
PAPER II
1. Principles of Taxonomy as applied to the systamics and Classification of Plant Kingdom: Taxonoric structure:
Biosystematics; Plant geography; Floristics.
2. Patterns of variation in morphology and life history in plants: Broad outlines of classification AND evolutionary trends among algae, fungi, bryophytes and pteridophytes; Principles of palaeobotariy; Economic importance of algae, fungi and lichens.
3. Comparative anatomy and developmental morphology of gymnosperms and angiosperms: Histochemical and ultrastructural aspects of development; Differentiation and morphogenesis.
4. Androgensis and gynogenesis; Breeding system; Pollination biology; structural arid functional aspects of pollen and pistil; Male sterility; Self and inter-specific incompatibility Fertilization Embryo and seed development.
5. Plants and civilization; Centres of origin and gene diversity; Botany, utilization, cultivation and improvement of plants of food, drug, fibre and industrial values, Unexploited plants of potential economic value; Plants as a source of renewable energy: Genetic resources and their conservation.
6. Water Relation: Mineral nutrition; Photosynthesis and photorespiration; Nitrogen, Phosphorous and Sulphur metabolism; Stomatal physiology; Source and Sink relationship.
7. Physiology and biochemistry and seed dormancy and germination; Hormonal regulation of growth and development; Photoregulation: Growth responses, Physiology of flowering: Senescence.
8. Principles of plant breeding; important conventional methods of breeding self and cross-pollinated and vegetatively propagated crops: Non conventional methods; Polyploidy: Genetic variability; Plant diseases and defensive mechanisms.
9. Principles of taxonomy as applied to the systematics and classification of the animal kingdom; Classification and interrelationship amongst the major invertebrate phyla; Minor invertebrate phyla, Functional anatomy of the nonchordates; larval forms and their evolutionary significance.
10. Classification and comparative anatomy of protochordates and chordates; Origin, evolution and distribution of chordates groups: Adaptive radiation.
11. Histology of mammalian organ systems, nutrition, digestion and absorption; Circulation (open and closed circular, lymphatic systems, blood composition and function); Muscular contraction and electric organs; Excretion and osmoregulation: Nerve conduction and neurotransmitters; major sense organs and receptors; Homeostatis (neural and hormonal); Bioluminiscence; Reproduction.
12. Gametogenesis in animals: Molecular events during fertilization, Cleavage patterns and fate maps, Concepts of determination, competence and induction, totipotency and nuclear transfer experiments: Cell differentiation and differential gene activity: Morphogenetic determinants in egg cytoplasm; Role of maternal contributions in early embryonic development; Genetic regulations of early embryonic development in Drosophila; Homeotic genes.
13. Feeding, learning, social and sexual behavior of animals; Parental care; Circadian rhythms; Mimicry; Migration of fishes and birds; Sociobiology; Physiological adaptation at high altitude.
14. Important human and veterinary parasites (protozoans and helminths); Life cycle and biology of Plasmodium, Trypanosoma, Ascaris, Wuchereria, Fasciola, Schistosoma and Leishmania; Molecular, cellular and physiological basis of host - parasite interactions.
15. Arthropods and vectors of human diseases (mosquitoes, lice, flies and ticks); Mode of transmission of pathogens by vectors; Chemical, biological and environmental control of anthropoid vectors; Biology and control of chief insect pests of agricultural importance; Plant host-insect interaction, insect pest management; useful insects: Silkworm
16. The law of DNA constancy and C-value paradox; Numerical, and structural changes in chromosomes; Molecular basis of spontaneous and induced mutations and their role in evolution; Environmental mutagenesis and toxicity testing; Population genetics
17. Structure of pro-and eukaryotic cells: membrane structure and function: Intracellular compartments, proteinsorting, secretory and endocytic pathways; Cytoskeleton; Nucleus; Mitochondria and chloroplasts and their genetic organisation; cell cycle; Structure and organisation of chromatin, polytene and lampbrush chromosomes; Dosage compensation and sex determination and sex-linked inheritance.
18. Interactions between environment and biota: Concept of habitat and ecological niches; Limiting factor; Energy flow, food chain, food web and tropic levels; Ecological pyramids and recycling, biotic community-concept, structure, dominance, fluctuation and succession; N.P.C. and S cycles in nature.
19. Ecosystem dynamics and management; Stability and complexity of ecosystems; Speciation and extinctions; environmental impact assessment; Principles of conservation; Conservation strategies; sustainable development.
20. Physico-chemical properties of water; Kinds of aquatic habitats (fresh water and marine); Distribution of and impact of environmental factors on the aquatic biota; Productivity, mineral cycles and biodegradation in different aquatic ecosystems; Fish and Fisheries of India with respect to the management of estuarine, coastal water systems and man-made reservoirs; Biology and ecology of reservoirs.
21. Structure, classification, genetics, reproduction and physiology of bacteria and viruses (of bacteria, plants and animals); Mycoplasma protozoa and yeast (a general accounts).
22. Microbial fermentation; Antibiotics, organic acids and vitamins; Microbes in decomposition and recycling processes; Symbiotic and asymbiotic N2-fixation; Microbiology of water, air, soil and sewage: Microbes as pathological agents in plants, animals and man; General design and applications of a biofermenter, Biofertilizer.
23. Antigen; Structure and functions of different clauses of immunoglobulins; Primary and secondary immune response; Lymphocytes and accessory cells; Humoral and cell mediated immunity; MHC; Mechanism of immune response and generation of immunological diversity; Genetic control of immune response, Effector mechanisms; Applications of immunological techniques.
24. Enzyme Kinetics (negative and positive cooperativity); Regulation of enzymatic activity; Active sites; Coenzymes Activators and inhibitors, isoenzymes, allosteric enzymes; Ribozyme and abzyme.
25. Van der Waalls, electrostatic, hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction; Primary structure and proteins and nucleic acids; Conformation of proteins and polypeptides (secondary, Tertiary, quaternary and domain structure); Reverse turns and Ramachandran plot; Structural polymorphism of DNA, RNA and three dimensional structure of tRNA; Structure of carbohydrates, polysaccharides, glycoproteins and peptido-glycans; Helixcoil transition; Energy terms in biopolymer conformational calculation.
26. Glycolysis and TCA cycle; Glycogen breakdown and synthesis; Gluconeogenesis; Interconversion of hexoses and pentoses; Amino acid metabolism; Coordinated control of metabolism; Biosynthesis of purines and pyrimidines; Oxidation of lipids; Biosynthesis of fatty acids; Triglycerides; Phospholipids; Sterols.
27. Energy metabolism (concept of free energy); Thermodynamic principles in biology; Energy rich bonds; Weak interactions; Coupled reactions and oxidative phosphorylations; Group transfer Biological energy transducers; Bioenergietics.
28. Fine structure of gene, Eukaryotic genome organisation (structure of chromatin, coding and non-coding sequences, satellite DNA); DNA damage and repair, DNA replication, amplification and rearrangements.
29. Organization of transcriptional units; Mechanism of transcription of prokaryotes and eukaryotes; RNA processing (capping. polyadenylation, splicing, introns and exons); Ribonucleoproteins, structure of mRNA; Genetic code and protein synthesis.
30. Regulation of gene expression in pro and eukaryotes; Attenuation and antitermination; Operon concept; DNA methylation: Heterochromatization; Transposition; Regulatory sequences and transacting factors; Environmental regulation of gene expression.
31. Biochemistry and molecular biology of cancer; Oncogenes; Chemical carcinogenesis; Genetic and metabolic disorders; Hormonal imbalances; Drug metabolism and detoxification; Genetic load and genetic counseling.
32. Lysogeny and lytic cycle in bacteriophages; Bacterial transformation; Host cell restriction; Transduction; Complementation; Molecular recombination; DNA ligases; Topoisomerases; Gyrases; Methylases; Nucleases;
Restriction enctonucleases; Plasmids and bacteriophage base vectors for cDNA and genomic libraries.
33. Principles and methods of genetic engineering and Gene targeting; Applications in agriculture, health and industry.
34. Cell and tissue culture in plants and animals; Primary culture; Cell line; Cell clones; Callus cultures; Somaclonal variation; Micropropagation; Somatic embryogenesis; Haploidy; Protoplast fusion and somatic hybridization; Cybrides; Genetransfer methods in plants and in animals; Transgenic biology; Allopheny; Artificial seeds; Hybridoma technology.
35. Structure and organisation of membranes; Glycoconjugates and proteins in membrane systems; Ion transport, Na+IK+ATPase; Molecular basis of signal transduction in bacteria, plants and animals; Model membranes; Liposomes.
36. Principles and application of light phase contrast, fluorescence, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, Cytophotometry and flow cytometry, fixation and staining.
37. Principles and applications of gel-filtration, ion-exchange and affinity chromatography; Thin layer and gas chromatography; High pressure liquid (HPLC) chromatography; Electrophoresis and electrofocussing; Ultracentrifugation (velocity and buoyant density).
38. Principles and techniques of nucleic acid hybridization and Cot curves; Sequencing of Proteins and nucleic acids; Southern, Northern and South-Western blotting techniques; Polymerase chain reaction; Methods for measuring nucleic acid and protein interactions.
39. Principles of biophysical methods used for analysis of biopolymer structure, X-ray diffraction, fluorescence, UV, ORD/CD, Visible. NMA and ESA spectroscopy: Hydrodynamic methods: Atomic absorption and plasma emission spectroscopy.
40. Principles and applications of tracer techniques in biology; Radiation dosimetry: Radioactive isotopes and half life of isotopes; Effect of radiation on biological system: Autoradiography; Cerenkov radiation; Liquid scintillation spectrometry.
41. Principles and practice of statistical methods in biological research, samples and populations; Basic statistics average, statistics of dispersion. Coefficient of variation: Standard error; Confidence limits: Probability distributions (biomial, Poisson and normal); Tests of statistical significance: Simple correlation of regression; Analysis of variance.
There is no prescribed syllabus for Paper 1 Section A but the question includes from Computer, Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Mathematics and Geography. Paper 1 Section A contains 30 questions, 5 from each Subject. We are trying to provide syllabus of these subjects that is based on the last 5 year question papers and from the view of some experts.
PAPER I -SECTION B
1. Cell Biology: Structure and function of cells and intracellular organelles (of both prokaryotes and eukaryotes) mechanism of cell division including (mitosis and meiosis) and cell differentiation: Cell-cell interaction: Malignant growth; Immune response: Dosage compensation and mechanism of sex determination.
2. Biochemistry: Structure of atoms, molecules and chemical bonds; Principles of physical chemistry: Thermodynamics, Kinetics, dissociation and association constants; Nucleic acid structure, genetic code, replication, transcription and translation: Structure, function and metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins; Enzymes and coenzyme; Respiration and photosynthesis.
3. Physiology: Response to stress: Active transport across membranes; Plant and animal hormones: Nutrition (including vitamins); Reproduction in plants, microbes and animals.
4. Genetics: Principles of Mendelian inheritance, chromosome structure and function: Gene Structure and regulation of gene expression: Linkage and genetic mapping; Extrachromosomal inheritance (episomes. mitochondria and chloraplasts); Mutation: DNA damage and repair, chromosome aberration: Transposons; Sex-linked inheritance and genetic disorders; Somatic cell genetics: Genome organisation (in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes).
5. Evolutionary Biology: Origin of life (including aspects of prebiotic environment and molecular evolution); Concepts of evolution: Theories of organic evolution: Mechanisms of speciation; Hardyweinberg genetic equilibrium, genetic polymorphism and selection; Origin and evolution of economically important microbes, plants and animals.
6. Environmental Biology: Concept and dynamics or ecosystem, components, food chain and energy flow, productivity and biogeochemical cycles; Types of ecosystems, Population ecology and biological control: Community structure and organisation: Environmental pollution: Sustainable development; Economic importance of microbes, plants and animals.
7. Biodiversity and Taxonomy: Species concept; Biological nomenclature theories of biological classification, Structural biochemical and molecular systematics: DNA finger printing, numerical taxonomy, Biodiversity, characterization, generation maintenance and loss: Magnitude and distribution of biodiversity, economic value, wildlife biology, conservation strategies, cryopreservation
PAPER II
1. Principles of Taxonomy as applied to the systamics and Classification of Plant Kingdom: Taxonoric structure:
Biosystematics; Plant geography; Floristics.
2. Patterns of variation in morphology and life history in plants: Broad outlines of classification AND evolutionary trends among algae, fungi, bryophytes and pteridophytes; Principles of palaeobotariy; Economic importance of algae, fungi and lichens.
3. Comparative anatomy and developmental morphology of gymnosperms and angiosperms: Histochemical and ultrastructural aspects of development; Differentiation and morphogenesis.
4. Androgensis and gynogenesis; Breeding system; Pollination biology; structural arid functional aspects of pollen and pistil; Male sterility; Self and inter-specific incompatibility Fertilization Embryo and seed development.
5. Plants and civilization; Centres of origin and gene diversity; Botany, utilization, cultivation and improvement of plants of food, drug, fibre and industrial values, Unexploited plants of potential economic value; Plants as a source of renewable energy: Genetic resources and their conservation.
6. Water Relation: Mineral nutrition; Photosynthesis and photorespiration; Nitrogen, Phosphorous and Sulphur metabolism; Stomatal physiology; Source and Sink relationship.
7. Physiology and biochemistry and seed dormancy and germination; Hormonal regulation of growth and development; Photoregulation: Growth responses, Physiology of flowering: Senescence.
8. Principles of plant breeding; important conventional methods of breeding self and cross-pollinated and vegetatively propagated crops: Non conventional methods; Polyploidy: Genetic variability; Plant diseases and defensive mechanisms.
9. Principles of taxonomy as applied to the systematics and classification of the animal kingdom; Classification and interrelationship amongst the major invertebrate phyla; Minor invertebrate phyla, Functional anatomy of the nonchordates; larval forms and their evolutionary significance.
10. Classification and comparative anatomy of protochordates and chordates; Origin, evolution and distribution of chordates groups: Adaptive radiation.
11. Histology of mammalian organ systems, nutrition, digestion and absorption; Circulation (open and closed circular, lymphatic systems, blood composition and function); Muscular contraction and electric organs; Excretion and osmoregulation: Nerve conduction and neurotransmitters; major sense organs and receptors; Homeostatis (neural and hormonal); Bioluminiscence; Reproduction.
12. Gametogenesis in animals: Molecular events during fertilization, Cleavage patterns and fate maps, Concepts of determination, competence and induction, totipotency and nuclear transfer experiments: Cell differentiation and differential gene activity: Morphogenetic determinants in egg cytoplasm; Role of maternal contributions in early embryonic development; Genetic regulations of early embryonic development in Drosophila; Homeotic genes.
13. Feeding, learning, social and sexual behavior of animals; Parental care; Circadian rhythms; Mimicry; Migration of fishes and birds; Sociobiology; Physiological adaptation at high altitude.
14. Important human and veterinary parasites (protozoans and helminths); Life cycle and biology of Plasmodium, Trypanosoma, Ascaris, Wuchereria, Fasciola, Schistosoma and Leishmania; Molecular, cellular and physiological basis of host - parasite interactions.
15. Arthropods and vectors of human diseases (mosquitoes, lice, flies and ticks); Mode of transmission of pathogens by vectors; Chemical, biological and environmental control of anthropoid vectors; Biology and control of chief insect pests of agricultural importance; Plant host-insect interaction, insect pest management; useful insects: Silkworm
16. The law of DNA constancy and C-value paradox; Numerical, and structural changes in chromosomes; Molecular basis of spontaneous and induced mutations and their role in evolution; Environmental mutagenesis and toxicity testing; Population genetics
17. Structure of pro-and eukaryotic cells: membrane structure and function: Intracellular compartments, proteinsorting, secretory and endocytic pathways; Cytoskeleton; Nucleus; Mitochondria and chloroplasts and their genetic organisation; cell cycle; Structure and organisation of chromatin, polytene and lampbrush chromosomes; Dosage compensation and sex determination and sex-linked inheritance.
18. Interactions between environment and biota: Concept of habitat and ecological niches; Limiting factor; Energy flow, food chain, food web and tropic levels; Ecological pyramids and recycling, biotic community-concept, structure, dominance, fluctuation and succession; N.P.C. and S cycles in nature.
19. Ecosystem dynamics and management; Stability and complexity of ecosystems; Speciation and extinctions; environmental impact assessment; Principles of conservation; Conservation strategies; sustainable development.
20. Physico-chemical properties of water; Kinds of aquatic habitats (fresh water and marine); Distribution of and impact of environmental factors on the aquatic biota; Productivity, mineral cycles and biodegradation in different aquatic ecosystems; Fish and Fisheries of India with respect to the management of estuarine, coastal water systems and man-made reservoirs; Biology and ecology of reservoirs.
21. Structure, classification, genetics, reproduction and physiology of bacteria and viruses (of bacteria, plants and animals); Mycoplasma protozoa and yeast (a general accounts).
22. Microbial fermentation; Antibiotics, organic acids and vitamins; Microbes in decomposition and recycling processes; Symbiotic and asymbiotic N2-fixation; Microbiology of water, air, soil and sewage: Microbes as pathological agents in plants, animals and man; General design and applications of a biofermenter, Biofertilizer.
23. Antigen; Structure and functions of different clauses of immunoglobulins; Primary and secondary immune response; Lymphocytes and accessory cells; Humoral and cell mediated immunity; MHC; Mechanism of immune response and generation of immunological diversity; Genetic control of immune response, Effector mechanisms; Applications of immunological techniques.
24. Enzyme Kinetics (negative and positive cooperativity); Regulation of enzymatic activity; Active sites; Coenzymes Activators and inhibitors, isoenzymes, allosteric enzymes; Ribozyme and abzyme.
25. Van der Waalls, electrostatic, hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction; Primary structure and proteins and nucleic acids; Conformation of proteins and polypeptides (secondary, Tertiary, quaternary and domain structure); Reverse turns and Ramachandran plot; Structural polymorphism of DNA, RNA and three dimensional structure of tRNA; Structure of carbohydrates, polysaccharides, glycoproteins and peptido-glycans; Helixcoil transition; Energy terms in biopolymer conformational calculation.
26. Glycolysis and TCA cycle; Glycogen breakdown and synthesis; Gluconeogenesis; Interconversion of hexoses and pentoses; Amino acid metabolism; Coordinated control of metabolism; Biosynthesis of purines and pyrimidines; Oxidation of lipids; Biosynthesis of fatty acids; Triglycerides; Phospholipids; Sterols.
27. Energy metabolism (concept of free energy); Thermodynamic principles in biology; Energy rich bonds; Weak interactions; Coupled reactions and oxidative phosphorylations; Group transfer Biological energy transducers; Bioenergietics.
28. Fine structure of gene, Eukaryotic genome organisation (structure of chromatin, coding and non-coding sequences, satellite DNA); DNA damage and repair, DNA replication, amplification and rearrangements.
29. Organization of transcriptional units; Mechanism of transcription of prokaryotes and eukaryotes; RNA processing (capping. polyadenylation, splicing, introns and exons); Ribonucleoproteins, structure of mRNA; Genetic code and protein synthesis.
30. Regulation of gene expression in pro and eukaryotes; Attenuation and antitermination; Operon concept; DNA methylation: Heterochromatization; Transposition; Regulatory sequences and transacting factors; Environmental regulation of gene expression.
31. Biochemistry and molecular biology of cancer; Oncogenes; Chemical carcinogenesis; Genetic and metabolic disorders; Hormonal imbalances; Drug metabolism and detoxification; Genetic load and genetic counseling.
32. Lysogeny and lytic cycle in bacteriophages; Bacterial transformation; Host cell restriction; Transduction; Complementation; Molecular recombination; DNA ligases; Topoisomerases; Gyrases; Methylases; Nucleases;
Restriction enctonucleases; Plasmids and bacteriophage base vectors for cDNA and genomic libraries.
33. Principles and methods of genetic engineering and Gene targeting; Applications in agriculture, health and industry.
34. Cell and tissue culture in plants and animals; Primary culture; Cell line; Cell clones; Callus cultures; Somaclonal variation; Micropropagation; Somatic embryogenesis; Haploidy; Protoplast fusion and somatic hybridization; Cybrides; Genetransfer methods in plants and in animals; Transgenic biology; Allopheny; Artificial seeds; Hybridoma technology.
35. Structure and organisation of membranes; Glycoconjugates and proteins in membrane systems; Ion transport, Na+IK+ATPase; Molecular basis of signal transduction in bacteria, plants and animals; Model membranes; Liposomes.
36. Principles and application of light phase contrast, fluorescence, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, Cytophotometry and flow cytometry, fixation and staining.
37. Principles and applications of gel-filtration, ion-exchange and affinity chromatography; Thin layer and gas chromatography; High pressure liquid (HPLC) chromatography; Electrophoresis and electrofocussing; Ultracentrifugation (velocity and buoyant density).
38. Principles and techniques of nucleic acid hybridization and Cot curves; Sequencing of Proteins and nucleic acids; Southern, Northern and South-Western blotting techniques; Polymerase chain reaction; Methods for measuring nucleic acid and protein interactions.
39. Principles of biophysical methods used for analysis of biopolymer structure, X-ray diffraction, fluorescence, UV, ORD/CD, Visible. NMA and ESA spectroscopy: Hydrodynamic methods: Atomic absorption and plasma emission spectroscopy.
40. Principles and applications of tracer techniques in biology; Radiation dosimetry: Radioactive isotopes and half life of isotopes; Effect of radiation on biological system: Autoradiography; Cerenkov radiation; Liquid scintillation spectrometry.
41. Principles and practice of statistical methods in biological research, samples and populations; Basic statistics average, statistics of dispersion. Coefficient of variation: Standard error; Confidence limits: Probability distributions (biomial, Poisson and normal); Tests of statistical significance: Simple correlation of regression; Analysis of variance.
4/28/08
RNA Interference Technique - Method for Treating Cancer And Infection
"RNA interference is a tool that has a lot of people excited, and one reason for the excitement is that we hope it will provide a new method to control almost any gene in your body," said Daniel Anderson of the David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT and the senior author of a paper on the work appearing as the cover story in Nature Biotechnology on April 27.
Scientists see RNA interference (RNAi) as a way to turn off specific disease-causing genes. Despite this potential, researchers studying the technique have been stymied by one major problem: How to deliver RNAi agents to target tissues.
Now, the MIT/Alnylam team has developed a library of new molecules that successfully delivered RNA interference agents in several animals, including mice, rats and cynomolgus monkeys. The team hopes to test the delivery materials in human clinical trials within the next few years.
RNAi works by disrupting the flow of genetic information from a cell's nucleus to the protein-building machinery of the cell. Gene expression can be turned on or off by interfering with messenger RNA, which carries that information.
One way to deliver RNAi is to package siRNA (short interfering RNA) inside nanoparticles that can deliver it directly to the target cell.
In previous studies, lipids (fat-soluble molecules such as fats, waxes and cholesterol) have shown promise as RNAi delivery agents. However, only a limited number of different materials had been developed when those studies were conducted.
Using a new synthesis scheme that allows for high-speed production, the researchers created a huge library of lipid-like molecules called lipidoids. A major advantage of these chemical methods is that they facilitate production of a large variety of different molecules, which could be customized for different RNAi therapies and drug- delivery problems.
The MIT team found several lipidoids that successfully delivered siRNA to the liver, which may provide a therapy for diseases ranging from cancer to viral infection, Anderson said. They also demonstrated siRNA delivery to the lungs, where it blocked genes expressed by respiratory syncytial virus that had infected the lungs. The lipidoids were also able to deliver siRNA to immune cells called macrophages.
In some cases, the effects of a single RNAi injection lasted up to four weeks. The researchers also showed that they could block two genes at once, raising the possibility of treating diseases that involve multiple genes.
The delivery system also proved effective with another type of RNA interference, which involves disrupting microRNA (very short strands of RNA that help control gene expression).
"For the first time, we've got a lot of formulations to choose from," Anderson said. "In the next five years, we expect to push this technology forward in a number of different clinical and drug- delivery applications."
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3/22/08
Novel Look At Brains of Diabetics
A $2 million grant to UC Davis researchers will fund one of the first studies investigating how diabetes may contribute to memory loss and possibly Alzheimer's disease in older people, aided by advanced imaging techniques that show the functioning brain.
Charles DeCarli, professor of neurology and director of the UC Davis Alzheimer's Disease Center, and his colleagues recently were awarded the grant from the Larry L. Hillblom Foundation to study the impact of diabetes on aging and memory loss. The grant will fund a four-year study that will focus on the brains of diabetics, looking at how the disease changes the brain and whether information is processed any differently in a diabetic's brain compared to those without the disease.
Medical advancements have improved life expectancy and contribute who are 65-and-older being the fastest-growing segment of the population. Many in this age group, particularly those older than 75, experience memory loss. Additionally, age is the single-greatest risk factor for Alzheimer's disease, with a doubling of the risk every five years after 65. An increasing number of senior citizens also suffer from chronic illnesses, such as hypertension, heart disease and diabetes.
Scientists do not know how diabetes, which impairs the body's ability to control the amount of sugar in the blood, might be contributing to Alzheimer's disease, a progressive neurological disorder caused by changes in brain tissue with age. Both diabetes and Alzheimer's are associated with memory loss that can lead to dementia. Studying how memory works in diabetics is a crucial first step in unraveling the puzzling interaction between these two diseases.
The team will do this using the latest brain imaging techniques. For example, to determine which parts of the diabetic's brain are involved in memory, researchers will take images of a patient's brain using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while the participant is performing a memory task. These images will tell them which parts of the brain are active during these tasks.
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3/15/08
Potential Alzheimer's Disease Drug Target Identified
In findings with the potential to provide a therapy for Alzheimer's disease patients where none now exist, a researcher at the University of California, San Diego and colleagues have demonstrated in mice a way to reduce the overproduction of a peptide associated with the disease. The study, which showed substantial improvement in memory in an animal model of Alzheimer's disease, was led by Vivian Y. H. Hook, Ph.D., professor of the Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and professor of neurosciences, pharmacology and medicine at the UCSD School of Medicine, together with American Life Science Pharmaceuticals of San Diego. The study will be published in the March 21 edition of the Journal of Biological Chemistry, online March 14.
A hallmark sign of Alzheimer's disease, seen during autopsy of a patient's brain, is the accumulation of amyloid plaque deposits composed primarily of the neurotoxic beta-amyloid (Aβ) peptide which is believed to be a major factor in the cause of the disease. The Aβ peptides are "cut" out from a larger protein called the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and bind together to form plaques in brain regions responsible for memory. One drug strategy to fight Alzheimer's disease is to reduce production of Aβ."We discovered two chemical compounds that inhibit a new enzyme target, leading to reduced production of beta amyloid and improved memory in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease," said Hook.
3/8/08
Depression, Anxiety Are Linked To Obesity, Unhealthy Habits
People who suffer from depression or anxiety are much more likely to be obese and to smoke both major risk factors for chronic disease according to a large nationwide study. "The relationship between obesity and depression is plausible for several reasons," said lead author Tara Strine, of the Division of Adult and Community Health in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. "First, some patients who are overweight may be prone to depression because of societal attitudes towards obesity. Also, while depression can lead to decreased appetite and weight loss in some individuals, others eat more and gain weight."
The study, in the March/April issue of the journal General Hospital Psychiatry, compiled data from more than 200,000 adults in 38 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. All participated in the 2006 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a large telephone survey that monitors the prevalence of key health behaviors.
The survey asked respondents if they were currently depressed or had ever had a diagnosis of depression or anxiety. Other questions addressed smoking habits, weight, physical activity and alcohol consumption.
About 8.7 percent of the respondents had current depression, 15.7 percent had a previous depression diagnosis and 11.3 percent had had an anxiety diagnosis at some time.
People with current depression or a previous diagnosis of depression were 60 percent more likely to be obese and twice as likely to smoke as those who were not depressed, the research found. Those with an anxiety disorder were 30 percent more likely to be obese and twice as likely to smoke as those without anxiety were. The study also said that those with depression and anxiety were more likely to be physically inactive and to be binge or heavy drinkers.
"Chronic diseases are risk factors for depression, so [the health care system] must be attuned to recognizing and treating the depression that often coexists with such chronic diseases," Strine said.
"This is an important and well-done study that will hopefully reach a large audience and continue to raise awareness," said Evette Joy Ludman, Ph.D., of Seattle-based Group Health Cooperative.
"Although health care providers have increasingly become aware of the link between chronic conditions such as diabetes and depression and the links between smoking and mood disorders, I think they are only now beginning to be aware of the broader link between depression, obesity and unhealthful behaviors," Ludman said.
Reference
Strine TW, et al. The association of depression and anxiety with obesity and unhealthy behaviors among community-dwelling US adults. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 30(2), 2008.
Cancer-Related Protein vs Alzheimer's disease
The cancer-related protein Akt may profoundly influence the fate of the tau protein, which forms bundles of tangled nerve cell fibers in the brain associated with Alzheimer's disease, reports a new study led by researchers at the University of South Florida and the Mayo Clinic in Jacksonville, FL.
The study was published online in the early edition of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. The findings may provide another piece of the puzzle in figuring out how tau proteins can poison nerve cells in the brain.
Akt is known to increase cancer cell survival capability and has become a target in the development of some cancer-inhibitor drugs. The abnormal accumulation of tau protein tangles kills nerve cells and is considered one of the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. "This study describes for the first time a new function for the cancer-related protein Akt - one that may help promote Alzheimer's disease pathology," said lead author Chad Dickey, PhD, assistant professor of molecular pharmacology and physiology at USF. "We found that increased amounts of Akt may prevent the removal of abnormal proteins, such as tau, causing these proteins to accumulate and disrupt the balance within the cells."
While this Akt-induced imbalance might result in cancer cells continuing to divide uncontrollably, Dr. Dickey suggests it likely has a different effect in Alzheimer's disease. "The nerve cells may try to divide in the brain, but cannot, and therefore die," he said. "Thus regulating levels of Akt, rather than its activity, may be beneficial to sufferers of diseases of aging, such as cancer, Alzheimer's and even diabetes."
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2/27/08
Hair Loss-New approach by Genetic Engineering
Throughout history man has searched for the cause of hair loss. It is only in recent years, with greater knowledge of genetics and the chemistry of sexual hormones, that we have begun to understand the causes. One thing that we do know for certain: no matter what we eat, what our lifestyles may be, or what kind of vitamins we take, we never grow more hair follicles than we were born with.
Predominant type
The most common type of baldness is called Male Pattern Baldness or more scientifically, Androgenetic Alopecia. In Androgenetic Alopecia, hair follicles that are producing healthy, terminal hairs begin to produce thinner, shorter, more brittle hairs with weaker shafts (this process is called Miniaturization and the hairs involved are called Miniaturized hairs). Eventually, these follicles produce only fine, almost invisible, short, vellus hairs, or they may die out altogether.
Finding the Genes
Common baldness cannot occur without the presence of specific inherited genes. These genes can be passed on by either parent. A gene is a single bit of chemically encoded hereditary instruction that is located on a chromosome and actually represents a tiny segment of DNA.
Predominant type
The most common type of baldness is called Male Pattern Baldness or more scientifically, Androgenetic Alopecia. In Androgenetic Alopecia, hair follicles that are producing healthy, terminal hairs begin to produce thinner, shorter, more brittle hairs with weaker shafts (this process is called Miniaturization and the hairs involved are called Miniaturized hairs). Eventually, these follicles produce only fine, almost invisible, short, vellus hairs, or they may die out altogether.
Finding the Genes
Common baldness cannot occur without the presence of specific inherited genes. These genes can be passed on by either parent. A gene is a single bit of chemically encoded hereditary instruction that is located on a chromosome and actually represents a tiny segment of DNA.
Chromosomes occur in pairs (humans have 23 pairs), and every individual gets one set of chromosomes from each parent. The genetics of androgenetic alopecia is complicated and hair loss is now felt to involve more than one gene. When several genes govern a trait, it is called polygenic. Genes that are located on the X or Y-chromosomes are call sex-linked.
Genes on the other 22 pairs of chromosomes are called autosomal. It is felt that the genes governing common baldness are autosomal. This means that the baldness trait can be inherited from the mother's side of the family or the father's side. The commonly held notion that baldness comes only from the mother's side of the family is incorrect, although for reasons not fully understood, the predisposition inherited from an affected mother is of slightly greater importance than that inherited from an affected father.
The genes involved in androgenetic alopecia are felt to be dominant. Just because a person has the genes for baldness, doesn't mean the trait will manifest itself. The ability of a gene to affect one's characteristics, i.e. be visible in a particular individual, is called "expressivity".
The genes involved in androgenetic alopecia are felt to be dominant. Just because a person has the genes for baldness, doesn't mean the trait will manifest itself. The ability of a gene to affect one's characteristics, i.e. be visible in a particular individual, is called "expressivity".
Studying the Factors
Gene expression is related to a number of factors, the major ones being hormones and age, although stress and other factors can play a role. To put it simply, a man whose father and uncles are severely bald may have minimal hair loss himself, either because the baldness genes have not been passed on or because the expression of the baldness gene that he did inherit is limited. It is of interest that, to date, none of the genes for male pattern baldness have been identified.So lot opportunities are there in this field that result in genetic engineering to prevent common baldness.
INSULIN
Insulin is a hormone produced by beta cells in the pancreas. It has three important functions1.Allow glucose to pass into cells, where it is used for energy.
2. Suppress excess production of sugar in the liver and muscles.
3.Suppress breakdown of fat for energy.
In the absence of insulin, blood sugar levels rise because muscle and fat cells aren't able to utilize glucose for energy. They signal the body that they're "hungry." The liver then releases glycogen, a form of stored glucose. This further increases the blood sugar level. When the blood sugar level reaches about 180 mg/dl, glucose begins to spill into the urine. Large amounts of water are needed to dissolve the excess sugar, resulting in excessive thirst and urination. This condition is called Diabetes mellitus
Without glucose for energy, the body begins to metabolize protein and fat. Fat metabolism results in the production of ketones in the liver. Ketones are excreted in the urine along with sodium bicarbonate, which results in a decrease in the pH of the blood. This condition is called acidosis. To correct the acidosis, the body begins a deep, labored respiration, called Kussmaul's respiration. Left unchecked, a person in this situation will fall into a coma and die.
Production of Insulin in the Body
The creation of insulin in the beta cells of the pancreas is a two step procedure. Beta cells first produce preproinsulin. Preproinsulin is cleaved to create proinsulin, which is further cleaved to produce equal amounts of insulin and C-peptide. Endogenous (self-produced) insulin has a half-life of about four minutes in the bloodstream. C-peptide lasts about 30 minutes. By measuring the amount of C-peptide in the blood, scientists can determine the amount of insulin produced by the pancreas.
In people who do not have diabetes, the pancreas stores about 200 units of insulin. The average basal rate for adults is one to two units per hour. After meals, insulin secretion increases to four-to-six units per hour.
Reason behind injecting insulin to Diabetes patients
Insulin must be injected because it is a protein. If it were taken orally, the body's digestive system would break it down, rendering it useless.
Storing of insulin
Unopened insulin vials should be kept cool. Storing them in the refrigerator will help them last as long as possible. Never freeze insulin, however, as freezing can destroy it. Open insulin, whether vials or pens, can be kept at room temperature for about a month.
Manufacturing of insulin
Insulin used by people with diabetes can come from three sources: human (created via recombinant DNA methods), pork, or beef. Beef insulin has been discontinued, and essentially all people who are newly diagnosed are placed on human insulin.
Click Here to Know about its Structure Function relationship
MAJOR BIOTECH BASED RESEARCH INSTITUTES IN INDIA
Agharkar Research Institute (DST)
Gopal Ganesh Agarkar Road,
Pune 411 004,
Maharashtra
Telephone: 020-25654357/ 3680
Fax: 020-25651542
Web: http://www.aripune.org/
Research Area: Animal sciences, microbial sciences, plant sciences.
Degrees Awarded: M.Sc., Ph.D.
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (DAE)
Trombay,
Mumbai 400 085,
Maharashtra
Telephone: 022-25505050/5010
Fax: 022-25505151/25519613
Web: http://www.barc.ernet.in/
Research Area: The entire spectrum of nuclear science and engineering: from particle physics, nuclear engineering, isotope technology, radiation medicine, solid state physics, chemical and life sciences, nuclear agriculture, computers, robotics and information technology.
Degrees Awarded: Ph.D
Bose Institute (DST)
93/1, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road,
Kolkata 700 009,
West Bengal
Telephone: 033-23502402/2403/6619/6702
Fax: 033-23506790
Web: http://www.boseinst.ernet.in/
Research Area: Bioinformatics & computational biology, structure and functional dynamics of biomolecules, drug modelling, molecular genetics of microbes, development of transgenic plants, etc.
Degrees Awarded: Ph.D
Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR)
Chattar Manzil Palace,
Post Box No. 173,
Lucknow 226 001,
Uttar Pradesh
Telephone: 0522-2212411-18, 2223286, 2210932
Fax: 0522-2223405, 2223938/9504
Web: http://www.cdriindia.org/
Research Area: Reproductive health research, CNS/ CVS & other disorders, filariasis, malaria, natural products, microbial infections, leishmaniasis, technology development, new approaches in drug discovery & design, biological screening, clinical trials & pharmacokinetic studies, preclinical safety evaluation and regulatory toxicity.
Degrees Awarded: Ph.D.
Central Food Technological Research Institute (CSIR)
Mysore 570 020,
Karnataka
Telephone: 0821-2515910/ 2514760
Fax: 0821-2517233
Email: prp /at/ cscftri.ren.nic.in
Web: http://www.cftri.com/
Research Area: Biochemistry and nutrition, fermentation technologies and bioengineering, flour milling, baking & confectionery technologies, food engineering, food microbiology, food packaging technology, food protectants & infestation control, food safety & analytical quality control laboratories, fruit & vegetable technology, grain science & technology, lipid science & traditional foods, meat, fish & poultry technology, plant cell biotechnology, plantation products, spices & flavour technology, protein chemistry & technology, sensory science.
Degrees Awarded: M.Sc. (Food technology), M.Sc. (Food Science) by Research, Ph.D.
Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR)
P.O. CIMAP,
Near Kukrail Picnic Spot,
Lucknow 226 015,
Uttar Pradesh Telephone: 0522-2359623
Fax: 0522-2342666
Web: http://www.cimap.res.in/
Research Area: Development of agro-technologies for economically important medicinal and aromatic plants, basic research in the areas of genetic resources, biotechnology, cytogenetics, phytochemistry, plant physiology, biochemistry, plant protection, pharmacognosy and molecular biology.
Degrees Awarded: Ph.D.
Central Leather Research Institute (CSIR)
Adyar,
Chennai 600 020,
Tamil Nadu
Telephone: 044-24910846/97
Fax: 044-24912150
Web: http://www.clri.org/
Research Area: Basic and applied research in leather and allied sciences. Fundamental research areas include biotechnology, biomaterials, bacteriology, bio-products, polymer science & technology, chemistry, biophysics, environmental & chemical engineering, NMR, etc.
Degrees Awarded: B.Tech., M.Tech., Ph.D.
Centre for Cellular & Molecular Biology (CSIR)
Uppal Road,
Hyderabad 500 007,
Andhra Pradesh
Telephone: 040-27160222-41
Fax: 040-27160591/ 0311
Web: http://www.ccmb.res.in/
Research Area: Biochemistry & biophysics, bioinformatics, biomedicines & biotechnology, cell biology and development, genetics & evolution, genomics, molecular biology.
Degrees Awarded: Ph.D.
Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (DBT)
Nacharam,
Hyderabad 500 076,
Andhra Pradesh
Telephone: 040-27151344
Fax: 040-27155610
Web: http://www.cdfd.org.in/
Research Area: Automated genome analysis, bacterial genetics, cancer biology, cell biology & gene expression, computational biology & bioinformatics, computational & functional genomics, immunology, mammalian genetics, molecular genetics, molecular oncology, molecular virology, structural biology, transcription.
Degrees Awarded: Ph.D.
Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR)
4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road,
Jadavpur,
Kolkata 700 032,
West Bengal
Telephone: 033-24730492/3492
Fax: 033-24730286
Web: http://www.iicb.res.in/
Research Area: Cellular physiology, biotechnology, human genetics & genomics, drug design & mathematical modelling, infectious disease, immunology, synthetic & bioproduct chemistry.
Degrees Awarded: Ph.D.
Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR)
Uppal Road,
Hyderabad 500 007,
Andhra Pradesh
Telephone: 040-27193030/3234
Fax: 040-27160386/27193626
Web: http://www.iictindia.org/
Research Area: Agrochemicals, fluoro-organics, gas based & fine chemicals, oils/fats derivatives, biology, industrial organics & intermediates, inorganics & materials, natural product based speciality chemicals, synthetic drugs and pharmaceuticals, surface coatings & polymers, catalysis, engineering sciences, coal & gas based technologies and pharmacology & toxicology.
Degrees Awarded: Ph.D
Indian Institute of Science
Bangalore 560 012,
Karnataka
Telephone: 080-22932001-03
Fax: 080-23600683/085
Web: http://www.iisc.ernet.in/
Research Area:biochemistry, microbiology & cell biology, ecological sciences, molecular biophysics.
Degrees Awarded: M.Sc,Ph.D
Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
Powai,
Mumbai 400 076,
Maharashtra
Telephone: 022-25722545
Fax: 022-25723480
Web: http://www.iitb.ac.in/
Research Area: Biotechnology, bioinformatics, molecularbiology,
Degrees Awarded: M.Sc., B.Tech, Ph.D.
Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
Hauz Khas,
New Delhi 110 016
Telephone: 011-26582222/1696
Fax: 011-26582037/2277
Web: http://www.iitd.ac.in/
Research Area: Biochemical engineering & biotechnology,
Degrees Awarded: M.S, B.Tech, Ph.D.
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
North Guwahati,
Guwahati 781 039,
Assam
Telephone: 0361-2690761
Fax: 0361-2690762
Web: http://www.iitg.ernet.in/
Research Area: Bioinformatics, bioprocessing
Degrees Awarded: M.Sc., B.Tech., M.Tech., Ph.D.
Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
GT Road,
Kalyanpur,
Kanpur 208 016,
Uttar Pradesh
Telephone: 0512-2590481
Fax: 0512-2590260
Web: http://www.iitk.ac.in/
Research Area: Biological sciences & bioengineering
Degrees Awarded: M.Sc., B.Tech., M.Tech., Ph.D.
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
Kharagpur 721 302,
West Bengal
Telephone: 03222-255221
Fax: 03222-255303
Web: http://www.iitkgp.ernet.in/
Research Area: agricultural & food technology, biotechnology
Degrees Awarded: M.Sc., B.Tech., M.Tech., Ph.D.
Indian Institute of Technology Madras
Chennai 600 036,
Tamil Nadu
Telephone: 044-22578058
Fax: 044-22570509
Research Area: Bioinformatics & computational biology, structure and functional dynamics of biomolecules, drug modelling.
Web: http://www.iitm.ac.in/
Degrees Awarded: M.S, B.Tech., M.Tech., Ph.D.
Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
Roorkee 247 667,
Uttaranchal
Telephone: 01332-272349, 274860
Fax: 01332-273560
Web: http://www.iitr.ernet.in/
Degrees Awarded: M.Sc., B.Tech, , Ph.D.
Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR)
Near Jubilee Hall,
Delhi University Campus,
Mall Road,
Delhi 110 007
Telephone: 011-27666156-57/7602/7439
Fax: 011-27667471
Web: http://www.igib.res.in/
Research Area: Allergy and infectious diseases, comparative genomics and gene expression, environmental biotechnology, design and synthesis of nucleic acid and peptides, genome informatics, genomics and molecular medicines, proteomics and structural biology.
Degrees Awarded: M.Sc., Ph.D.
Institute of Life Sciences (DBT)
Nalco Square,
Chandrasekharpur,
Bhubaneswar 751 023,
Orissa
Telephone: 0674-2300137/129, 2301460/476/900
Fax: 0674-2300728
Web: http://www.ilsc.org/
Research Area: Cancer, malaria, age diseases, stress biology, ecophysiology, filariasis, cholera, plant-microbe molecular interaction and bio-degradation.
Degrees Awarded: Ph.D.
Institute of Microbial Technology (CSIR)
Sector 39-A,
Chandigarh 160 036
Telephone: 0172-695225/226/219, 690025/173/908
Fax: 0172-690585/ 632
Web: http://www.imtech.res.in/
Research Area: Fermentation technology & applied microbiology, cell biology & immunology, molecular biology & microbial genetics, protein science & engineering.
Degrees Awarded: Ph.D.
International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology
ICGEB Campus,
Aruna Asaf Ali Marg,
New Delhi 110 067
Telephone: 011-26195007
Fax: 011-26162316
Web: http://www.icgeb.trieste.it/
Research Area: Mammalian biology: Virology immunology, malaria, recombinant gene products; Plant biology: Plant molecular biology, plant transformation, insect resistance, plant resistance.
Degrees Awarded: Ph.D.
Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (DST)
Jakkur,
Bangalore 560 064,
Karnataka
Telephone: 080-23622750-57
Fax: 080-23622766
Web: http://www.jncasr.ac.in/
Research Area: Chemistry & physics of materials, engineering mechanics, evolutionary & organismal biology, molecular biology & genetics, theoretical sciences, chemical biology, condensed matter theory, education technology, geodynamics.
Degrees Awarded: Deemed University, M.S. (Engineering), Ph.D., Integrated Ph.D.
National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR)
Rana Pratap Marg,
Lucknow 226 001,
Uttar Pradesh
Telephone: 0522-2205848
Fax: 0522-2205839
Web: http://www.nbri-lko.org/
Research Area: Plant biodiversity & conservation biology, biomass biology & environmental sciences, genetics, plant breeding & agrotechnology, bioinformatics & library, molecular biology & genetic engineering, pharmacognosy & ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, botanic garden & floriculture, plant conservation & eco education, biotechnology & plants physiology.
Degrees Awarded: Ph.D.
National Brain Research Centre (DBT)
Near NSG Campus,
Nainwal Mode, Manesar,
Gurgaon 122 050,
Haryana Telephone: 0124-2338922-26 Fax: 0124-2338910/28
Web: http://www.nbrc.ac.in/
Research Area: Molecular and cellular neuroscience, systems neuroscience, theoretical neuroscience.
Degrees Awarded: M.Sc., Ph.D., A Deemed University
National Centre for Biological Sciences
G.K.V.K. Campus,
Bangalore 560 065,
India
Tel: ++ 91-80-23666001/02,23666018/19
Fax: ++ 91-80-23636662
Research Area: Cell biology, cancer biology, Biophysics, Neurobiology, Cell signalling, Biochemistry
Web: http://www.ncbs.res.in/
Degrees Awarded: M.Sc., Integerated Ph.D, Ph.D
National Centre for Cell Sciences (DBT)
NCCS Complex,
University of Pune Campus,
Ganeshkhind,
Pune 411 007,
Maharashtra
Telephone: 020-25690922/41/51, 25692256-57
Fax: 020-25692259
Web: http://www.nccs.res.in/
Research Area: Cell biology, cancer biology, infectious diseases, immunology, molecular biology, proteomics, genomics, diabetes and tissue engineering.
Degrees Awarded: M.Sc., Ph.D.
National Centre for Plant Genome Research (DBT)
Post Box 10531, JNU Campus, New Delhi 100 067
Telephone: (Director): 011-26187224
Fax: (Director): 011-26198234/26167394
Web: http://ncpgr.nic.in/
Research Area: Nutritional, structural and functional genomics of various plant systems. Degrees Awarded: Ph.D.
National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR)
Dr. Homi Bhabha Road,
Pune 411 008,
Maharashtra
Telephone: 020-25893300
Fax: 020-25893355
Web: http://www.ncl-india.org/
Research Area: Biochemical sciences, bioorganic & biomimetic chemistry, chemical engineering science, complex fluids & polymer engineering, heterogeneous catalysis, homogeneous catalysis, industrial flow modelling, materials chemistry, nanomaterials science & technology, organic chemistry, plant tissue culture, polymer chemistry & materials, polymer & materials modelling, process design & development, theory & computational sciences.
Degrees Awarded: Ph.D.
National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR)
Nehru Marg,
Nagpur 440 020,
Maharashtra
Telephone: 0712-2249885-890/ 2249969-972/975-981
Fax: 0712-2249900
Web: http://www.neeri.nic.in/
Research Area: Air pollution control, environmental biotechnology & genomics, environmental system design, water technology, waste water management, land environment management, environmental impact & risk assessment, hazardous waste management, solid waste management, environmental policy analysis, instrumentation, environmental materials unit.
Degrees Awarded: Ph.D
National Institute of Immunology (DBT)
Aruna Asaf Ali Marg,
New Delhi 110 067
Telephone: 011-26717121-45
Fax: 011-26162125/26177626
Web: http://www.nii.res.in/
Research Area: Gene regulation, immunity & infection, molecular design, reproduction & development.
Degrees Awarded: Ph.D.
Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology
Thycaud PO,
Poojappura,
Thiruvananthapuram 695 014,
Kerala
Telephone: 0471-2341716/2347975
Fax: 0471-2348096
Web: http://www.rgcb.res.in/
Research Area: Animal biotechnology, biophysical chemistry, cancer biology, environmental biotechnology, human molecular genetics, molecular endocrinology, molecular ethnopharmacology, molecular reproduction, mycobacterial research, neurobiology, plant molecular biology, protein chemistry, viral hepatitis.
Degrees Awarded: M.Tech,Ph.D
Regional Research Laboratory (CSIR)
Canal Road,
Jammu Tawi 180 001,
Jammu & Kashmir
Telephone: 0191-2546368, 2549051
Fax: 0191-2548607
Web: http://www.rrljammu.org/
Research Area: Biotechnology, botany, pharmacology, natural product chemistry.
Degrees Awarded: Ph.D
Tata Institute of Fundamental Research
Homi Bhabha Road,
Mumbai 400 005,
IndiaTel: ++ 91-22-2278-2000
Fax: ++ 91-22-2280-4610, 2280-4611
Web: http://www.tifr.res.in/
Research Area: Cell biology, cancer biology, Biophysics, Neurobiology, Cell signalling, Biochemistry
Degrees Awarded: M.Sc., Integerated Ph.D, Ph.D
Gopal Ganesh Agarkar Road,
Pune 411 004,
Maharashtra
Telephone: 020-25654357/ 3680
Fax: 020-25651542
Web: http://www.aripune.org/
Research Area: Animal sciences, microbial sciences, plant sciences.
Degrees Awarded: M.Sc., Ph.D.
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (DAE)
Trombay,
Mumbai 400 085,
Maharashtra
Telephone: 022-25505050/5010
Fax: 022-25505151/25519613
Web: http://www.barc.ernet.in/
Research Area: The entire spectrum of nuclear science and engineering: from particle physics, nuclear engineering, isotope technology, radiation medicine, solid state physics, chemical and life sciences, nuclear agriculture, computers, robotics and information technology.
Degrees Awarded: Ph.D
Bose Institute (DST)
93/1, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road,
Kolkata 700 009,
West Bengal
Telephone: 033-23502402/2403/6619/6702
Fax: 033-23506790
Web: http://www.boseinst.ernet.in/
Research Area: Bioinformatics & computational biology, structure and functional dynamics of biomolecules, drug modelling, molecular genetics of microbes, development of transgenic plants, etc.
Degrees Awarded: Ph.D
Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR)
Chattar Manzil Palace,
Post Box No. 173,
Lucknow 226 001,
Uttar Pradesh
Telephone: 0522-2212411-18, 2223286, 2210932
Fax: 0522-2223405, 2223938/9504
Web: http://www.cdriindia.org/
Research Area: Reproductive health research, CNS/ CVS & other disorders, filariasis, malaria, natural products, microbial infections, leishmaniasis, technology development, new approaches in drug discovery & design, biological screening, clinical trials & pharmacokinetic studies, preclinical safety evaluation and regulatory toxicity.
Degrees Awarded: Ph.D.
Central Food Technological Research Institute (CSIR)
Mysore 570 020,
Karnataka
Telephone: 0821-2515910/ 2514760
Fax: 0821-2517233
Email: prp /at/ cscftri.ren.nic.in
Web: http://www.cftri.com/
Research Area: Biochemistry and nutrition, fermentation technologies and bioengineering, flour milling, baking & confectionery technologies, food engineering, food microbiology, food packaging technology, food protectants & infestation control, food safety & analytical quality control laboratories, fruit & vegetable technology, grain science & technology, lipid science & traditional foods, meat, fish & poultry technology, plant cell biotechnology, plantation products, spices & flavour technology, protein chemistry & technology, sensory science.
Degrees Awarded: M.Sc. (Food technology), M.Sc. (Food Science) by Research, Ph.D.
Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR)
P.O. CIMAP,
Near Kukrail Picnic Spot,
Lucknow 226 015,
Uttar Pradesh Telephone: 0522-2359623
Fax: 0522-2342666
Web: http://www.cimap.res.in/
Research Area: Development of agro-technologies for economically important medicinal and aromatic plants, basic research in the areas of genetic resources, biotechnology, cytogenetics, phytochemistry, plant physiology, biochemistry, plant protection, pharmacognosy and molecular biology.
Degrees Awarded: Ph.D.
Central Leather Research Institute (CSIR)
Adyar,
Chennai 600 020,
Tamil Nadu
Telephone: 044-24910846/97
Fax: 044-24912150
Web: http://www.clri.org/
Research Area: Basic and applied research in leather and allied sciences. Fundamental research areas include biotechnology, biomaterials, bacteriology, bio-products, polymer science & technology, chemistry, biophysics, environmental & chemical engineering, NMR, etc.
Degrees Awarded: B.Tech., M.Tech., Ph.D.
Centre for Cellular & Molecular Biology (CSIR)
Uppal Road,
Hyderabad 500 007,
Andhra Pradesh
Telephone: 040-27160222-41
Fax: 040-27160591/ 0311
Web: http://www.ccmb.res.in/
Research Area: Biochemistry & biophysics, bioinformatics, biomedicines & biotechnology, cell biology and development, genetics & evolution, genomics, molecular biology.
Degrees Awarded: Ph.D.
Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (DBT)
Nacharam,
Hyderabad 500 076,
Andhra Pradesh
Telephone: 040-27151344
Fax: 040-27155610
Web: http://www.cdfd.org.in/
Research Area: Automated genome analysis, bacterial genetics, cancer biology, cell biology & gene expression, computational biology & bioinformatics, computational & functional genomics, immunology, mammalian genetics, molecular genetics, molecular oncology, molecular virology, structural biology, transcription.
Degrees Awarded: Ph.D.
Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR)
4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road,
Jadavpur,
Kolkata 700 032,
West Bengal
Telephone: 033-24730492/3492
Fax: 033-24730286
Web: http://www.iicb.res.in/
Research Area: Cellular physiology, biotechnology, human genetics & genomics, drug design & mathematical modelling, infectious disease, immunology, synthetic & bioproduct chemistry.
Degrees Awarded: Ph.D.
Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR)
Uppal Road,
Hyderabad 500 007,
Andhra Pradesh
Telephone: 040-27193030/3234
Fax: 040-27160386/27193626
Web: http://www.iictindia.org/
Research Area: Agrochemicals, fluoro-organics, gas based & fine chemicals, oils/fats derivatives, biology, industrial organics & intermediates, inorganics & materials, natural product based speciality chemicals, synthetic drugs and pharmaceuticals, surface coatings & polymers, catalysis, engineering sciences, coal & gas based technologies and pharmacology & toxicology.
Degrees Awarded: Ph.D
Indian Institute of Science
Bangalore 560 012,
Karnataka
Telephone: 080-22932001-03
Fax: 080-23600683/085
Web: http://www.iisc.ernet.in/
Research Area:biochemistry, microbiology & cell biology, ecological sciences, molecular biophysics.
Degrees Awarded: M.Sc,Ph.D
Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
Powai,
Mumbai 400 076,
Maharashtra
Telephone: 022-25722545
Fax: 022-25723480
Web: http://www.iitb.ac.in/
Research Area: Biotechnology, bioinformatics, molecularbiology,
Degrees Awarded: M.Sc., B.Tech, Ph.D.
Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
Hauz Khas,
New Delhi 110 016
Telephone: 011-26582222/1696
Fax: 011-26582037/2277
Web: http://www.iitd.ac.in/
Research Area: Biochemical engineering & biotechnology,
Degrees Awarded: M.S, B.Tech, Ph.D.
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
North Guwahati,
Guwahati 781 039,
Assam
Telephone: 0361-2690761
Fax: 0361-2690762
Web: http://www.iitg.ernet.in/
Research Area: Bioinformatics, bioprocessing
Degrees Awarded: M.Sc., B.Tech., M.Tech., Ph.D.
Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
GT Road,
Kalyanpur,
Kanpur 208 016,
Uttar Pradesh
Telephone: 0512-2590481
Fax: 0512-2590260
Web: http://www.iitk.ac.in/
Research Area: Biological sciences & bioengineering
Degrees Awarded: M.Sc., B.Tech., M.Tech., Ph.D.
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
Kharagpur 721 302,
West Bengal
Telephone: 03222-255221
Fax: 03222-255303
Web: http://www.iitkgp.ernet.in/
Research Area: agricultural & food technology, biotechnology
Degrees Awarded: M.Sc., B.Tech., M.Tech., Ph.D.
Indian Institute of Technology Madras
Chennai 600 036,
Tamil Nadu
Telephone: 044-22578058
Fax: 044-22570509
Research Area: Bioinformatics & computational biology, structure and functional dynamics of biomolecules, drug modelling.
Web: http://www.iitm.ac.in/
Degrees Awarded: M.S, B.Tech., M.Tech., Ph.D.
Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
Roorkee 247 667,
Uttaranchal
Telephone: 01332-272349, 274860
Fax: 01332-273560
Web: http://www.iitr.ernet.in/
Degrees Awarded: M.Sc., B.Tech, , Ph.D.
Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR)
Near Jubilee Hall,
Delhi University Campus,
Mall Road,
Delhi 110 007
Telephone: 011-27666156-57/7602/7439
Fax: 011-27667471
Web: http://www.igib.res.in/
Research Area: Allergy and infectious diseases, comparative genomics and gene expression, environmental biotechnology, design and synthesis of nucleic acid and peptides, genome informatics, genomics and molecular medicines, proteomics and structural biology.
Degrees Awarded: M.Sc., Ph.D.
Institute of Life Sciences (DBT)
Nalco Square,
Chandrasekharpur,
Bhubaneswar 751 023,
Orissa
Telephone: 0674-2300137/129, 2301460/476/900
Fax: 0674-2300728
Web: http://www.ilsc.org/
Research Area: Cancer, malaria, age diseases, stress biology, ecophysiology, filariasis, cholera, plant-microbe molecular interaction and bio-degradation.
Degrees Awarded: Ph.D.
Institute of Microbial Technology (CSIR)
Sector 39-A,
Chandigarh 160 036
Telephone: 0172-695225/226/219, 690025/173/908
Fax: 0172-690585/ 632
Web: http://www.imtech.res.in/
Research Area: Fermentation technology & applied microbiology, cell biology & immunology, molecular biology & microbial genetics, protein science & engineering.
Degrees Awarded: Ph.D.
International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology
ICGEB Campus,
Aruna Asaf Ali Marg,
New Delhi 110 067
Telephone: 011-26195007
Fax: 011-26162316
Web: http://www.icgeb.trieste.it/
Research Area: Mammalian biology: Virology immunology, malaria, recombinant gene products; Plant biology: Plant molecular biology, plant transformation, insect resistance, plant resistance.
Degrees Awarded: Ph.D.
Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (DST)
Jakkur,
Bangalore 560 064,
Karnataka
Telephone: 080-23622750-57
Fax: 080-23622766
Web: http://www.jncasr.ac.in/
Research Area: Chemistry & physics of materials, engineering mechanics, evolutionary & organismal biology, molecular biology & genetics, theoretical sciences, chemical biology, condensed matter theory, education technology, geodynamics.
Degrees Awarded: Deemed University, M.S. (Engineering), Ph.D., Integrated Ph.D.
National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR)
Rana Pratap Marg,
Lucknow 226 001,
Uttar Pradesh
Telephone: 0522-2205848
Fax: 0522-2205839
Web: http://www.nbri-lko.org/
Research Area: Plant biodiversity & conservation biology, biomass biology & environmental sciences, genetics, plant breeding & agrotechnology, bioinformatics & library, molecular biology & genetic engineering, pharmacognosy & ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, botanic garden & floriculture, plant conservation & eco education, biotechnology & plants physiology.
Degrees Awarded: Ph.D.
National Brain Research Centre (DBT)
Near NSG Campus,
Nainwal Mode, Manesar,
Gurgaon 122 050,
Haryana Telephone: 0124-2338922-26 Fax: 0124-2338910/28
Web: http://www.nbrc.ac.in/
Research Area: Molecular and cellular neuroscience, systems neuroscience, theoretical neuroscience.
Degrees Awarded: M.Sc., Ph.D., A Deemed University
National Centre for Biological Sciences
G.K.V.K. Campus,
Bangalore 560 065,
India
Tel: ++ 91-80-23666001/02,23666018/19
Fax: ++ 91-80-23636662
Research Area: Cell biology, cancer biology, Biophysics, Neurobiology, Cell signalling, Biochemistry
Web: http://www.ncbs.res.in/
Degrees Awarded: M.Sc., Integerated Ph.D, Ph.D
National Centre for Cell Sciences (DBT)
NCCS Complex,
University of Pune Campus,
Ganeshkhind,
Pune 411 007,
Maharashtra
Telephone: 020-25690922/41/51, 25692256-57
Fax: 020-25692259
Web: http://www.nccs.res.in/
Research Area: Cell biology, cancer biology, infectious diseases, immunology, molecular biology, proteomics, genomics, diabetes and tissue engineering.
Degrees Awarded: M.Sc., Ph.D.
National Centre for Plant Genome Research (DBT)
Post Box 10531, JNU Campus, New Delhi 100 067
Telephone: (Director): 011-26187224
Fax: (Director): 011-26198234/26167394
Web: http://ncpgr.nic.in/
Research Area: Nutritional, structural and functional genomics of various plant systems. Degrees Awarded: Ph.D.
National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR)
Dr. Homi Bhabha Road,
Pune 411 008,
Maharashtra
Telephone: 020-25893300
Fax: 020-25893355
Web: http://www.ncl-india.org/
Research Area: Biochemical sciences, bioorganic & biomimetic chemistry, chemical engineering science, complex fluids & polymer engineering, heterogeneous catalysis, homogeneous catalysis, industrial flow modelling, materials chemistry, nanomaterials science & technology, organic chemistry, plant tissue culture, polymer chemistry & materials, polymer & materials modelling, process design & development, theory & computational sciences.
Degrees Awarded: Ph.D.
National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR)
Nehru Marg,
Nagpur 440 020,
Maharashtra
Telephone: 0712-2249885-890/ 2249969-972/975-981
Fax: 0712-2249900
Web: http://www.neeri.nic.in/
Research Area: Air pollution control, environmental biotechnology & genomics, environmental system design, water technology, waste water management, land environment management, environmental impact & risk assessment, hazardous waste management, solid waste management, environmental policy analysis, instrumentation, environmental materials unit.
Degrees Awarded: Ph.D
National Institute of Immunology (DBT)
Aruna Asaf Ali Marg,
New Delhi 110 067
Telephone: 011-26717121-45
Fax: 011-26162125/26177626
Web: http://www.nii.res.in/
Research Area: Gene regulation, immunity & infection, molecular design, reproduction & development.
Degrees Awarded: Ph.D.
Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology
Thycaud PO,
Poojappura,
Thiruvananthapuram 695 014,
Kerala
Telephone: 0471-2341716/2347975
Fax: 0471-2348096
Web: http://www.rgcb.res.in/
Research Area: Animal biotechnology, biophysical chemistry, cancer biology, environmental biotechnology, human molecular genetics, molecular endocrinology, molecular ethnopharmacology, molecular reproduction, mycobacterial research, neurobiology, plant molecular biology, protein chemistry, viral hepatitis.
Degrees Awarded: M.Tech,Ph.D
Regional Research Laboratory (CSIR)
Canal Road,
Jammu Tawi 180 001,
Jammu & Kashmir
Telephone: 0191-2546368, 2549051
Fax: 0191-2548607
Web: http://www.rrljammu.org/
Research Area: Biotechnology, botany, pharmacology, natural product chemistry.
Degrees Awarded: Ph.D
Tata Institute of Fundamental Research
Homi Bhabha Road,
Mumbai 400 005,
IndiaTel: ++ 91-22-2278-2000
Fax: ++ 91-22-2280-4610, 2280-4611
Web: http://www.tifr.res.in/
Research Area: Cell biology, cancer biology, Biophysics, Neurobiology, Cell signalling, Biochemistry
Degrees Awarded: M.Sc., Integerated Ph.D, Ph.D
2/26/08
GATE
The Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering (GATE) is an all-India examination administered and conducted in eight zones across the country by the GATE Committee comprising faculty from Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore and seven Indian Institutes of Technology on behalf of the National Coordinating Board - GATE, Department of Education, Ministry of Human Resources Development (MHRD), Government of India.
The zones and the corresponding administrative institutes are
Zone 1 - Indian Institute of Science Bangalore ---Organizing Institute For 2008
Zone 2 - Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
Zone 3 - Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
Zone 4 - Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
Zone 5 - Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
Zone 6 - Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
Zone 7 - Indian Institute of Technology Madras
Zone 8 - Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
Zone 5 - Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
Zone 6 - Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
Zone 7 - Indian Institute of Technology Madras
Zone 8 - Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
ELIGIBILTY PROGRAMS
Admission to post graduate programmes with MHRD and some other government scholarship/assistantship at engineering colleges/institutes in the country are open to those who qualify through GATE. GATE qualified candidates with Bachelor degree in Engineering/ Technology/ Architecture/ Pharmacy or Master degree in any branch of Science/Mathematics/Statistics/Computer Applications are eligible for Master/Doctoral programmes in Engineering/ Technology/Architecture/Pharmacy as well as for Doctoral programmes in relevant branches of Science.
Admission to post graduate programmes with MHRD and some other government scholarship/assistantship at engineering colleges/institutes in the country are open to those who qualify through GATE. GATE qualified candidates with Bachelor degree in Engineering/ Technology/ Architecture/ Pharmacy or Master degree in any branch of Science/Mathematics/Statistics/Computer Applications are eligible for Master/Doctoral programmes in Engineering/ Technology/Architecture/Pharmacy as well as for Doctoral programmes in relevant branches of Science.
SCHOLARSHIPS
To avail the scholarship, the candidate must additionally secure admission to such a postgraduate programme, as per the prevailing procedure of the admitting institution. GATE qualification, however, is not required for candidates with Master degree in Engineering/ Technology/ Architecture/ Pharmacy who may be seeking scholarship/assistantship for relevant doctoral programmes.
OTHER OPPURTUNITIES THROUGH GATE
Some institutions specify GATE as the mandatory qualification even for admission of self-financing students to postgraduate programmes. GATE qualified candidates in Engineering disciplines are also eligible for the award of Junior Research Fellowship in CSIR Laboratories. Some government organizations prescribe GATE qualification as a requirement for applying to the post of a Scientist/Engineer.
2/25/08
Scientists construct building blocks for artificial life
Scientists have succeeded in stitching together an entire bacterial genome, creating in the lab the full set of instructions needed to make a living thing. The stage is now set for the creation of the first artificial organism — and it could be achieved within the year.
Published online 24 January 2008 Nature
Published online 24 January 2008 Nature
GENE GUN
The Gene Gun or the Biolistic Particle Delivery System, originally designed for plant transformation, is a device for injecting cells with genetic information .The payload is an elemental particle of a heavy metal coated with plasmid DNA. This technique is often simply referred to as biolistics. Another instrument that uses biolistics technology is the PSD-1000/He particle delivery system.
This device is able to transform almost any type of cell, including plants, and is not limited to genetic material of the nucleus: it can also transform organelles, including plastids.
Design & History: The gene gun was originally a Crosman air pistol modified to fire dense tungsten particles. The design was first used on onions to deliver particles coated with a phosphorescent marker gene. Genetic transformation can then be proven when the onion tissue expresses the gene.
Later the design was refined by removing the "surge tank" and changing to nonexplosive propellants. DuPont added a plastic extrusion to the exterior to visually improve the machine for mass production to the scientific community. Biorad contracted with Dupont to manufacture and distribute the device. Improvements include the use of helium propellant and a multi-disk-collision delivery mechanism. Other heavy metals such as gold and silver are also used. Gold may be favored because it has better uniformity than tungsten and tungsten can be toxic to cells, but its use may be limited due to availability and cost.
The primary inventor of the gene gun is horticultural scientist John C. Sanford together with Edward Wolf, who was the Director of Cornell's Submicron Facility at the time but now at Nanofabrication facility. As an electrical engineer, Wolf is familiar with making and using small structures. He bought the Crosman air pistol and performed the first genegun experiments with it in his basement. Sanford would come to his house with the genetic material and then take the transformed cells back to his lab. Horticultural scientist Theodore Klein at Cornell University worked closely with John Sanford on experiments using and proving the genegun. They had support from co-inventor Nelson Allen of the Cornell Nanofabrication Facilities Machine shop who had an instrumental role in changing the genegun from the air pistol prototype to a working scientific device. The rights to commercial use of the gene gun were sold by Wolf, Sanford and Cornell University to DuPont in 1990.
MOLECULAR DOCKING
Docking is a method which predicts the preferred orientation of one molecule to a second when bound to each other to form a stable complex. Knowledge of the preferred orientation in turn may be used to predict the strength of association or binding affinity between two molecules using for example scoring functions
Applications: A binding interaction between a small molecule ligand and a enzyme protein may result in activation or inhibition of the enzyme. If the protein is a receptor, ligand binding may result in agonism or antagonism. Docking is most commonly used in the field of drug design - most drugs are small organic molecules, and docking may be applied to
Hit identification - docking combined with a scoring function can be used to quickly screen large databases of potential drugs in silico to identify molecules that are likely to bind to protein target of interest.
Lead optimization - docking can be used to predict in where and in which relative orientation a ligand binds to a protein (also referred to as the binding mode or pose). This information may in turn be used to design more potent and selective analogs
Lead optimization - docking can be used to predict in where and in which relative orientation a ligand binds to a protein (also referred to as the binding mode or pose). This information may in turn be used to design more potent and selective analogs
Docking Programs
1.AUTODOCK
2.DOCK
3.GOLD
4.ARGULAB
5.AMBER
2.DOCK
3.GOLD
4.ARGULAB
5.AMBER
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